The Diplomatic Agent professional figure hides, despite appearances, thousands of tasks that must be performed daily diplomatic agent is a profession that plays an important role, that of every nation elected official with the purpose of representing their State of membership, within international organizations or other countries inside the embassy. They can be defined diplomatic agents:
The head of a diplomatic mission and its employees;
The delegates that make up the body within which the state participates in an international conference and / or the drafting of an international treaty and / or the shareholders' meeting of the organ of an international organization.
Inside the art. 3 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of April 18, 1961 are shown the activities of a diplomatic agent in conjunction with functions that must be performed during a diplomatic mission consist in particular in:
Representing the sending State in the receiving State;
Protecting in the receiving State the interests of the sending State and of its nationals, within the limits permitted by international law;
Negotiating with the Government of the receiving State;
Inquire with all lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving State, and reporting thereon to the Government of the sending State;
According to what is written in international law, diplomatic agents, depending on the experience acquired are included in one of the following classes:
charge d'affaires;
resident minister;
Minister Plenipotentiary or the Holy See Internuncio;
ambassador or nuncio.
According to ancient tradition, diplomatic agents are granted the so-called diplomatic immunity, a series of social order restrictions that are put to the exercise of state prerogatives to allow it to perform their functions freely. These immunities currently enshrined in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 and consist of:
Freedom of communication and inviolability of correspondence between the diplomatic mission and state accrediting authority; the person carrying the documents and correspondence (diplomatic courier) diplomatic immunity, while documents and correspondence that brings with it (the so-called diplomatic bag) can not be subject to customs checks or otherwise;
The personal inviolability, so the diplomatic agent can not be arrested or detained by local authorities;
The home inviolability, so local authorities can not access or the headquarters of the diplomatic mission or private diplomatic agent in the home without the permission of the Head of Mission;
The immunity from jurisdiction to which the diplomatic agent can not be judged by local courts, either for criminal cases (with the exception of international crimes) nor for civil cases (with some exceptions); a diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from jurisdiction not only for acts pertaining to the exercise of its functions but also made them strangers, however, about his person (so-called personal immunity);
the tax exemption from personal direct taxes and customs duties.
To become a diplomatic agent, you must have some formal requirements for access to this category namely:
No older than 35 years;
Possess the Italian citizenship;
Having obtained a degree in finance, law, International Relations, Economic Sciences, Science Policy, Science of Public Administration, Economic Sciences for the environment and culture, business economic sciences, sciences for development cooperation, European studies and any other degree equivalent to them;
Enjoy civil and political rights and the suitability psycho-physical.
As regards, instead, the character requirements it is necessary that the diplomatic agent is supplied with:
Ability to listen and dialogue;
Intellectual flexibility and initiative;
adaptability both psychic and physical suitable for every kind of circumstance, place and event;
Ability to analyze complex situations, synthesis and resolution.
It is advisable also to learn a European language chosen from French, German or Spanish and to achieve the highest number of certificates, master's and whatnot to increase high marks for the final ranking.
To enter the profession, it is necessary to support a nationwide contest that consists of:
An aptitude test with the valuation of securities that is designed to verify the applicant's ability, even including knowledge of the English language and problems of logic and reasoning.
In case you have answered correctly to at least two thirds of applications, candidates will undertake five written tests that will concentrate on the following matters, and that will aim to evaluate their skills:
History of international relations since the Congress of Vienna;
Public International Law and European Union;
economic policy and economic cooperation, trade and financial multilateral;
English (composition without the use of the dictionary on issues of current international);
other foreign language chosen from the following: French, Spanish and German (composition without the use of the dictionary on issues of current international).
In addition, there is also an oral test during which the candidate will be asked to give their assessments on a topic of current international, speaking clearly and arguing their point of view. This examination will, in addition to the matters being also written tests:
Italian public law (constitutional and administrative);
State accounting;
Institutional notions of civil law and private international law;
political and economic geography.
